A field study, 2026 — sister piece to Color fingerprint

Voice, or music?

A spot is carried either by voice or by music. In 47 Czech TV spots across 13 brands, 44 are voice-led, 3 are music-led, 0 mixed. Czech advertising diversifies how it looks, and converges on how it sounds.

Method

Audio-only m4a downloads from the same 47 spots as the color study. Voice activity via silero-vad; tempo via librosa beat-tracking; key by Krumhansl-Schmuckler chroma correlation; spectral centroid and RMS dynamics via librosa. Voice-led is >50% speech across the spot. Music-led is >50% non-speech musical content. The middle is rare.

One bar per spot. Black is voice, red is music, warm gray is silence. Sorted by music share descending. The almost-empty top end is the finding: voice-led is the default; music-led is the deliberate departure.

0%25%50%75%100%Pilsner Urquell14/85McDonald's 0123/76McDonald's 0223/76Penny Market 0156/41Škoda Auto 0158/41Vodafone 0160/39Penny Market 0261/38Fio banka 0164/35Fio banka 0266/33Vodafone 0267/32Penny Market 0365/31T-Mobile 0167/31Fio banka 0368/30T-Mobile 0266/29Penny Market 0467/28Fio banka 0472/27Mattoni 0172/27Penny Market 0571/26Albert 0172/26T-Mobile 0371/25Kofola74/25Fio banka 0575/24Komerční banka 0176/23T-Mobile 0477/22Škoda Auto 0278/20Vodafone 0379/20Mattoni 0281/18McDonald's 0381/18Lidl 0181/17Albert 0283/16Škoda Auto 0384/15McDonald's 0485/14Lidl 0284/13Škoda Auto 0486/13McDonald's 0587/12Komerční banka 0288/11Vodafone 0488/11Škoda Auto 0588/11Lidl 0389/10Albert 0390/9AAA Auto75/9T-Mobile 0573/8Albert 0491/8Lidl 0493/6Vodafone 0594/5Lidl 0599/0Albert 05100/0
v / m percent shown right of each bar.

For each brand, the average voice / music split across its spots, plus tempo, mode majority, dynamic range, and brightness (spectral centroid).

Lidl

Retail · 5 spots

89/9127 bpmminor (100%)dyn 0.04brt 2680

Albert

Retail · 5 spots

87/12115 bpmminor (80%)dyn 0.03brt 2603

Komerční banka

Banking · 2 spots

82/17133 bpmminor (100%)dyn 0.06brt 2535

Škoda Auto

Automotive · 5 spots

79/20123 bpmmajor (60%)dyn 0.08brt 2131

Vodafone

Telecom · 5 spots

78/21141 bpmmajor (60%)dyn 0.05brt 2550

Mattoni

Beverage · 2 spots

76/23107 bpmminor (50%)dyn 0.06brt 2614

AAA Auto

Automotive · 1 spot

75/9129 bpmminor (100%)dyn 0.06brt 1928

Kofola

Beverage · 1 spot

74/25144 bpmminor (100%)dyn 0.13brt 2062

T-Mobile

Telecom · 5 spots

71/23128 bpmminor (60%)dyn 0.10brt 2252

Fio banka

Banking · 5 spots

69/30119 bpmmajor (100%)dyn 0.06brt 2403

Penny Market

Retail · 5 spots

64/33141 bpmminor (60%)dyn 0.07brt 1992

McDonald's

QSR · 5 spots

60/39102 bpmminor (60%)dyn 0.09brt 2444

Pilsner Urquell

Beverage · 1 spot

14/8581 bpmmajor (100%)dyn 0.04brt 2271

Tempo lives in one band. Mode skews minor. Czech advertising audio does not vary the way the picture does.

6080100120140160180tempo (bpm) →2334910462121
Spot count per 10-bpm tempo bin. The 110-140 range absorbs 23 of 47 spots in the corpus.

Mode share across 47 spots

minor · 27/47major · 20/47

Minor mode dominates regardless of category. Even retail promos run in minor keys most of the time.

Hierarchical clustering on standardised audio features (voice / music balance, tempo, spectral centroid + bandwidth, RMS mean + std, onset rate). Two brands joining low share an audio signature. Pilsner Urquell branches alone; everyone else clusters in a tight family.

EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE (standardised audio features)Pilsner UrquellBEVERAGEKofolaBEVERAGEAAA AutoAUTOMOTIVEMattoniBEVERAGEKomerční bankaBANKINGVodafoneTELECOMAlbertRETAILLidlRETAILMcDonald'sQSRPenny MarketRETAILT-MobileTELECOMFio bankaBANKINGŠkoda AutoAUTOMOTIVE
Euclidean distance after z-standardisation; UPGMA linkage.

01

Voice is the default. Music-led is one brand.

Of 47 Czech TV spots from 13 brands, 44 run above 50% voice. Only three spots cross the music threshold: Pilsner Urquell's "Alfons" image spot (86% music), and two McDonald's image spots (77% and 76% music). After Pilsner the next cliff drops to 41%. There is no music-led promo spot in the corpus.

Why it matters"Music carries the spot" is treated as a creative variable in international advertising; in Czech advertising it is essentially unused. The cost to occupy that empty quadrant is low, the distinctiveness is automatic.

02

The numerical defaults of Czech ad audio are narrow.

Tempo clusters in 110-140 bpm (33 of 47 spots). Minor mode dominates (27 of 47). Spectral centroid sits in a tight 2000-2900 Hz band across categories. Dynamic range is flat: median RMS std 0.057, no ad in the corpus uses dramatic build-and-payoff loudness.

Why it mattersThe audio profile of Czech advertising is one playlist. A spot that breaks the tempo band, the mode default or the dynamic-range flatness will register as distinctive before a word is heard.

03

Per-category audio identity is sharper than per-brand identity.

Retail (Lidl 90% voice, Albert 88%, Penny 64%) lives at the voice end. Beverage and QSR allow more music (Mattoni 23%, Kofola 26%, McDonald's 40%). Banking and Automotive sit in between (Fio 31% music, Škoda 20%). The clusters by sector hold; brand-specific audio identity is the exception.

Why it mattersAn audio brief built around "what does your brand sound like" will produce category-defaults. An audio brief built around "what does your brand sound like compared to your category" forces the actual decisions.

04

Music-led spots are slow and rare.

The three music-led spots run 81, 70 and 70 bpm — well below the 127 bpm corpus median. Pilsner's spot is in F# major, both McDonald's image spots in C# minor. Music-led is associated with half-tempo cinematic pacing, not faster builds.

Why it mattersWhen a brief asks for "an emotional spot", the structural answer is: slow the tempo, let the music carry, drop the voiceover. The data shows that combination is reproducible and underused.

Five moves a strategist or sound designer can run on next week's pitch.

01

Pick voice-led or music-led in the brief.

The corpus is bimodal: 44 voice-led, 3 music-led, almost no middle. The middle does not work because it cannot be reproduced; deciding one of the two camps gives the sound designer a clear target. Voice-led: target 80% speech, 120 bpm bed in a minor key. Music-led: target sub-30% speech, sub-90 bpm tempo, primary musical key.

02

If voice-led: the VO must carry meaning, because the music does not.

Lidl runs 90% voice with promotional copy throughout; the music under it is decoration, not signal. The cost of a flat VO is a forgettable spot. Cast for voice as carefully as for face.

03

If music-led: budget for a real sound bed, not a stock loop.

Pilsner's spot uses a single composed passage that reads as cinematic; stock loops at the same tempo do not. Music-led is the cheapest visual distinctiveness move in Czech advertising right now, but only when the music is itself distinctive.

04

Score competitors on the voice / music split as a pitch slide.

Same move as the color project. Show the client where their category currently sits on the audio axis. For most Czech categories that's "voice-led, 120 bpm, minor key, flat dynamics". Then name where their spot will land. Distinctiveness as a coordinate.

05

Score your audio mix on dailies, not at delivery.

The pipeline runs on rough audio in minutes. If the brief was music-led (target voice fraction under 30%) and the dailies are scoring 70%, the mix is drifting. Catching that in pre-mix is cheaper than re-recording VO after picture lock.